Saturday, February 7, 2015

On facts and fiction: the fed and interest rates, humans and herding.

In a recent comment to one of my posts, reader Chance_Nation made a statement that I find to be so common that I think it will help everyone to see it addressed in a full post of its own.  The discussion was regarding whether or not the federal reserve controls interest rates that the economy cares about such as the 10 year rate which is used to come up with mortgage and other loan interest rates.  The economy does not care at all about the fed funds rate.

My point was the same one I have made several times which is that Prechter debunked the notion that the federal reserve is some potent director capable of controlling anything in the economy, including interest rates.  He wrote this in his 2002 book Conquer the Crash.  As I have written on many occasions, Prechter is a data centric historian and statistician if he is anything.  He doesn't just make stuff up, he will always show a chart and have real data to back his claims.  I pointed people to the book.  Few have taken the time to read and many who have read it didn't understand it because it doesn't read like a story or a romance novel.  It is in that way somewhat dry.

Still, Chance (and probably many others) continue to believe that the fed does indeed control interest rates.  He wrote: "I think one of the main reasons that people like me have our view is because history has borne it out.".

OK, so I already wrote that Prechter had debunked this and I already cited Prechter's book but that was not good enough.  I get it.  So here is a video with just a small amount of the same data as the book.  If you watch that video then any thinking person will immediately abandon the notion that the federal reserve is in control of interest rates.

So I really hope that part of it has been put to bed.

But there is another part of this that is so, so, so important to learn from that it's importance far overshadows the relationship between  fed and interest rates.  That issue is how so many people believe beyond any shadow of any doubt that they absolutely know things that in fact they don't really know anything about.  This is not to pick on Chance!  I have caught myself doing it too!  In fact Prechter's book cleared up so many misconceptions I was having that as an engineer it made me wonder how the Hell I could ever have been so wrong about so many things.  I pride myself on having facts and I'm sure Chance and everyone else does too.  So where did we all go wrong?

We humans (and Americans in particular IMO) have a shitload of misconceptions which we are just positive are supported by history when in fact the data does not reliably support these views.  I believe that, as a herding species, we humans are very susceptible to hearing someone in authority say something and then storing it in our brains as fact even though it never really happened.  This is not a cut against me, Chance or the rest of humanity!  It is just a statement of my observation of human nature and as a software engineer I recognize it as a form of information compression.  In other words, it is part of us because it is useful in most cases.

If we had to go look up the actual facts associated with every-single-little-thing that we think we know then it would take our entire lives to do it and our brains would not be big enough to hold all the details.  So instead we just store the compressed "crib notes" version of the data and then we go about our lives in the belief that we know something. This technique is very powerful for us but because it is so powerful it can also be abused by those who have insight into how the human brain works.  This compression mechanism is not a choice; it's a DNA hard wiring thing.
  • Side note: I think that the human brain is full of such compression techniques.  
    • For example, the old optical illusion where you stare at a red square for 30 seconds and then look at a white sheet of paper you see a green square. I think that after a certain amount of exposure, your brain stops processing the red and instead stores a token.  When the color changes, it takes time for the brain to remove the token and begin processing in real time again.  During the time that the token is in play, the color processing portion of our brains does not have to work flat out.  Compression is done in the human brain for the same reason as in computers: processing bandwidth optimizations in some cases and latency improvement in others.  The eyes are the highest bandwidth input device of the human body (by far) and so it probably incorporates both.  In fact, here is one expert talking about how some optical illusions are a result of the brain trying to predict the immediate future.  He says"...when the brain attempts to generate a perception, it basically is taking a guess at the near future by trying to fast-forward a tenth of a second. As a result of this "neural delay," you might not be perceiving an image as it actually is, but as you expect it might soon be..  That is an attempt to reduce perceived latency if ever I saw it and it's damned clever. 
    • The processing power of the human brain is not limitless else we would not care about doing compression.  So how do I know our brains care?  Simply by the widespread use of data limitation techniques in our design.  One example of this is how our peripheral vision is colorless.  It cares mainly about motion detection.  Why not fill the eye with only cones instead of designing in rods and cones?  It is a clear example of data limiting.  The human design does not do things that are not needed.  Another example of this is how there are a massive concentration of touch sensors in the hands and feet but very few in the top front part of the legs.  Experiments show that people cannot tell if two actual touch points on this area of their skin are one touch point or two as long as the points are less than about 1" apart.  That is some pretty low resolution sensing there because higher resolution there does not benefit us but it would take up more processing bandwidth.

The reason that authority figures are so powerful in a herd, be it wild horses or homo sapiens, is that they have the power to create reality in the mind of the herd simply by saying things or sending signals. This is not magic but rather magick.  Importantly, the herd is in full control of who it allows to have this power.  Sometimes the power is given because of perceived threats to the herd members, sometimes because of perceived benefits to the herd members but the herd is always in control of who gets to be believed and who is considered unworthy of being considered a trusted source of compressed information.  This is why truth-tellers are always labeled by the current establishment (those with the power to control perceived reality) in some way that causes the herd to not listen to them (i.e., the dismissive terms of "nut job", "crazy", "conspiracy theorist" and the like).  The establishment knows that these people are not in fact "crazy".  Their purpose of this labeling is to send signals to the herd that the source is not credible and thus not to be used as an information compression source.  This is why money-losing "news" outlets continue to be purchased and held by oligarchs.  Losing money is not a business, it is a control mechanism run by those who know how the herd works and who understand the power available to anyone who can control the herd (be it politician, religious leader, etc.).

The herd accepts it as truth as long as it comes from an authority figure.  This is why Brian Williams has been fired from NBC and will never be heard from again despite his claims of temporary self-removal.  Once the herd has lost confidence in the authority figure, nothing he/she/it says goes directly into the brain unchallenged as if it were fact. Once this compression mechanism benefit is lost, the value of the authority figure is lost; the magick is gone.  If I have to fact check every single little thing that comes out of the news-sayer's pie hole then I receive no compression benefit and thus I will not invest my time in listening to him.  When hit with something like this, the herd also begins to question everyone and everything connected which is why not only Williams' network but all other networks are distancing themselves from him and from any similar act rumored to have been done by others.

One thing about the herd: once it catches you in a lie nothing you say can be trusted again even if it is true.  Why?  Because nobody wants to do the hard work of checking facts in real time!  We would rather just pick people that we believe (generally based on some kind of track record for being right, for being honest, etc.) and then stick with them forever.


This understanding is the stock in trade of all con men. They gain the trust of Mark and Patsy and then as long as they don't get caught in a lie down the road they can create false reality in the heads of their Marks and Patsies however they like.  Why do you think so few people know that WTC 7 (a steel frame building that was not hit by any plane) collapsed into its own footprint at the free-fall speed of gravity surrounded by clouds of pyroclastic dust?  Simply because they heard the authority figure come out with an official explanation for it all (i.e. 911 was done by terrorists and the 911 commission did not even mention WTC 7).  Now, even more importantly:  why do you think so few of those that HAVE heard about this changed their minds one iota about the reality of what happened on 911?  This is how powerful it is to have been installed as an establishment figure (AKA "leader") by the herd.  Even facts pushed right into people's faces only "click" for a very small percentage of the population if such facts do not agree with the compressed version.

This is why I mock Yellen on this matter, so that my readership, small though it may be, will awaken to the reality that the fed doesn't control anything that the herd doesn't allow them to control.  Yes, the fed does say "I want lower interest rates" and YES that can brainwash the herd into following for a period of time just like a con man can convince Mark and Patsy to hand over their life savings.  But all cons eventually fail and in the case of interest rates there is even a term for it: the fed loses control (as in mind control) of the bond market.

While the herd was high on the societal drug known as credit, the standards for selecting leaders was greatly relaxed. A fraudulent two party system/single ideology (i.e the ideology of using debt to forward the agenda and to concentrate power) system was accepted.  As a result, assholes like Nixon, Bush(es), Clinton and Obama got elected while intelligent, data oriented historians and truth tellers who have been proven to be correct time and again like Ron Paul and Ross Perot were labeled as "out there" and essentially broadly discredited. Think back to Ross Perot's warnings of "that sucking sound would be American middle class jobs".  Was he right?  Hell yes he was right.  But nobody gave him credit and we just continued to vote in more assholes as long as the credit drug was flowing.

Now that times are hard and getting harder, that is going to change.  Questions, hard questions, will start to be getting asked and not just for current actions.  I am on record as predicting a resurrection of the old concept of investigative reporting that is nearly nonexistent in our public media today.  Bill Cosby just went down in flames for crap that happened 20 years ago.  Brian Williams' career-ending lies were from 2003.  There is a reason these things are happening now and not then and it is not because nobody ever heard the truth before today!  It was because the herd did not want to know the truth.  It selected leaders who would keep the credit drip going.  Now that things are slowing down the herd is going to be much more open to reconsidering those which it has anointed as trustworthy (i.e. compression worthy) leaders/establishment.

6 comments:

Chance_Nation said...

Captain,

Appreciate the dedicated post! Many points in which we are in total agreement. I'm not trying to be a pain in the butt, and I'm really trying to digest and learn more. You probably feel like you're banging your head into a wall, but know that I'm not just winding you up.

Walk me through the one specific example that we talked about in the prior post. Help me understand this one particular instance and maybe that will help me to see the big picture:

- 10 year interest rate in June 2006 (prior to GFC) is 5.11%

- GFC hits and the financial system is shaken to the core, major banks are not only illiquid, but totally insolvent. GDP drops like a rock, employment goes off a cliff, huge sums of paper wealth and currency units evaporate. US currency units are increasingly harder to come by for most of the population.

- The market responds to this instability and distress not in the way that we would expect (big ramp up in rates). Instead drops by 100 basis points or more and stays there through the worst years of 07/08/09. (http://www.multpl.com/interest-rate/table?f=m)

Help me square that market behavior. Something like "your numbers all all wrong" or "you're not taking market force X into account".

Help out a loyal but perhaps thickheaded crewman. =)

Cheers!

Chance

The Captain said...

Chance, I can only refer you back to the "exogenous factors don't matter" discussion in prior posts. Prechter does a good job of showing how these factors cannot reliably predict anything. The ONLY halfway reliable way of predicting future movements is via the wave count.

Again, it is fun to make up stories like "margin debt is high thus interest rates going higher will result in margin calls thus moving markets down by forcing liquidation of debt". I wrote this so I am "picking on" myself if someone wants to see that as being picked on (I don't and you don't seem to either, kudos).

But these are stories. Just stories! They cannot be relied upon as being predictive. You are making Prechter's point even though you seem to not have grasped it yet.

You cannot assume correlation to be causality in these things. Not because it isn't fun to do so, simply because the historical data says that the correlation is not there...

The news likes to equate daily market moves to this or that. I have written about it many times. But my wave charts must therefore be predicting the news, right? I mean, you have seen how scarily accurate some if not many of those models have been (considering that, of course, we are talking about predicting the future here where billions of possible outcomes are supposedly possible...).

I have also written many times that things sometimes happen that should (one would think) either cause the markets to move up or down yet nothing happens or the opposite happens. Then, on some small news the market acts like a racehorse that just took it in the nads with a baseball bat.

I am totally convinced from my own experience that the news and other external factors just don't matter once the herd has its mind made up and the wave count tells you what the herd is thinking.

Chance_Nation said...

Captain,

I think you nail the source of our disagreement very succinctly when you say "exogenous factors don't matter". From a operations perspective, I view the Fed/Treasury and it's relationship to interest rates as an endogenous system. The Fed (price setter that therefore sets the own rate) has dedicated banks that will buy any amount of treasuries in order to hit the overnight target. The Fed has hit the .25% Fed funds rate without fail, through good times and bad times since December 2008 and hasn't varied by even one basis point. What other non-monopoly market has even come close to that kind of consistency? The Fed/Treasury control both the selling and the buying (through those dedicated banks, if the need arises, in order to hit the overnight target).

I'll quote Mish Shedlock (someone whom we both respect):

"The Fed, by its very existence, has completely distorted the market via self reinforcing observer/participant feedback loops. Thus, it is fatally flawed logic to suggest the Fed is simply following the market, therefore the market is to blame for the Fed's actions. There would not be a Fed in a free market, and by implication there would not be observer/participant feedback loops either."

I'd argue that the data in the EWI video clip can alternately be explained by observing that the Fed telegraphs its rate hikes by months and many times, years and therefore can influence longer term rates due to agents "getting in front of" those hikes.

I may be mainstream in regards to my views on that aspect of the Fed funds rate, but there are many other currency operational outcomes in which I'm not. For example within the US currency structure as it exists today, the natural rate of interest is zero. The Fed/Treasury use both interest on reserves and treasuries to push the interest rate artificially up, not the other way around. Stop 1000 people in the street or even 1000 people at a college business school and I doubt if any of them would agree with that view (or has even thought about it seriously). Again, like we've discussed in the past, would that be true in a free or a fixed exchange rate market? No. Do I agree with the current system? No. But I still have to look at it objectively.

You're absolutely right in that I'll sometimes use a narrative that influences my decisions. Maybe I should interpret that as a crutch, but I'm still guilty.

For example: The Saudis (swing producer) recently said that they are going to increase their discount rate for crude oil significantly. The historical takeaway is that this will cause oil prices to soften.

For someone like you, who is an experienced modeler and very nimble in your market moves, you'll make money on the turns coming and going. For someone like me, (tortoise - picture a guy laboring over a model with a protractor and his tongue hanging out of his mouth), I won't go near a long term position in oil with a ten foot pole. I'll at some point soon take a short position on oil. Will a crude model play into that decision? Yes. Will that narrative play into that decision. Yep.

We do share discipline. Will I know what my stop is in advance of buying that tranche? You bet your sweet bippy!

As always, I appreciate your words and time, and my prodding only comes as a result of wanting to understand things more clearly and push folks to explain concepts and angles that I possibly haven't considered.

Hope you're having a great weekend.

Cheers!

Chance

Chance_Nation said...

Captain,

Also just as a quick addendum, in your response you kept coming back to not being able to predict things. In the specific example that I made reference to, I'm not looking for predictions. These were events from over 5 years ago. It's more of an exercise in forensics, of trying to make sense of data that occurred in the past. There's some value in sifting through the past for patterns and insights, right?

Cheers!

Chance

The Captain said...

Chance, two things. You quoted something from Mish I always say which is that distortions can occur but not in a reliably predictive way. You cannot just pick a few years in time and use it as the basis of something so broad as "the fed controls interest rates"! Did you watch the video I linked to? It clearly shows the fed following rates, not leading them.

For something to be "not true" all I have to provide is one instances where it is not true. But the video showed that it was an ongoing things. Bond market would move the rate, fed would stair step to that level later. I don't see how you can talk to any other data, any other period, any other anything until you respond to that and debunk the logic.

Also, your addendum made it clear to me that you don't really understand what I am saying. First I tell you that I am in the Prechter camp who believes that you cannot reliably use exogenous factors from one economic entity to explain movements of another. The data does not support this. And there is no difference really between "explain" and "predict". If I can explain the relationship then a relationship must exist (which my whole premise says does not exist...). If I can explain and prove a relationship then prediction is immediately possible so "explain" and "predict" really are the same things in this context.

So, no, I'm not going to go back and try to explain a relationships between various economic events of the past because I'm telling you that the data shows such explanations do not reliably hold. Sometimes they seem to, sometimes not. That however is not really the problem with trying to use these relationships for market timing purposes (which is all that I care about, I'm here to make money not have some academic discussion, etc.). EW models aren't always right either. The huge difference is that when you attempt to use the relationships to time the market, you never know when you got it wrong. You never know if this was one of those times when the supposed iron clad relationship failed to hold. And so you lose your ass on the slope of hope.

EW completely differ from this by telling you very early when you got it wrong.



Chance_Nation said...

Captain,

I absolutely watched the video, and multiple times. There are men that I take lightly, but you are certainly not among them. Does the video provide an explanation? Most definitely. I just posit that there might be others. For example that the Fed controls the overnight rate with an iron fist, but that there is a range of looseness in the rates the farther you go out in maturity. The Fed telegraphs and the market uses those queues along with guesses along the lines of "the last time the market was this soft, the Fed did X" and try to frontrun as much as possible at the margins of those ranges.

You said "I'm here to make money not have some academic discussion". I like to do both, so I apologize for wearing out your patience. Let me leave you with one final thought that might shed some light on my thinking.

I didn't just cherry pick a few years in time and then declare that was proof that the Fed controls interest rates. There are purely operational aspects that lead me to that conclusion. The reason I picked 06-present were because they encompassed the peak of the boom and the subsequent biggest bust and financial crisis of our lifetimes (so far). Pick any market, can you predict whether it will go up or down? Not with certainty, but it will go up or down or some combination of both (maybe a lot, maybe a little). Take the US dollar, many thought that it would go down. You and I through different tools (I had no idea EW even existed back then), thought that there was a good chance it would go up overall. Bottom line is that it did move. Markets are dynamic and will move one way or the other, (even if only slightly) especially during crisis and volatile times.

So the Fed funds rate gets set to 25 basis points in December 08, things are still hell in a handbasket at that point and for a good time afterwards. Granted, you can't predict with certainty if a market is going to move up or down. But this market isn't doing either. Not one basis point up, not one basis point down. Totally static. Not through the depths of the recession, and not through the subsequent pseudo "recovery". 5+ years and counting. At some point the question has to arise: Does this market just not behave like any other market known to man, or is this in fact not a market and maybe something else....

It's been a pleasure, sorry for bugging the crap out of you.

Chance

P.S. - If the Fed unexpectedly raises rates prior to June 2015, I totally owe you a drink. Hell, I owe you a case.

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